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TIME: Almanac 1995
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<text id=90TT1071>
<title>
Apr. 30, 1990: America Abroad
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Apr. 30, 1990 Vietnam 15 Years Later
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
WORLD, Page 50
AMERICA ABROAD
Defusing Baghdad's Bomb
</hdr>
<body>
<p>By Strobe Talbott
</p>
<p> For the 45 years that Europe has been largely at peace, the
Middle East has been plunged into war at least nine times.
Europe is living proof that the balance of terror works: with
so many weapons of mass destruction in so many arsenals, a
single bullet fired in anger could touch off Armageddon.
Therefore the guns are silent. The Middle East has had the
benefit of no such inhibition: there is too much terror and too
little balance.
</p>
<p> The focus of anxiety these days is Iraq. In the 1980s
President Saddam Hussein used poison gas against not only Iran
but also rebellious Iraqi Kurds. Last year he tested the
Tammuz-1 ballistic missile, with a range of 1,240 miles. Four
weeks ago, he was caught trying to smuggle into Iraq U.S.-made
electrical devices for what Western experts are convinced is
a project to build an atom bomb. Then, on April 2, Saddam vowed
to "let our fire eat up half of Israel if it tries to wage
anything against Iraq."
</p>
<p> "Israel," replied Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir, "will also
know how to defend itself in the future and defeat the evil
designs of its enemies." What Shamir did not say, but what
everyone knows, is that Israel already has its own nuclear
warheads as well as its own missiles.
</p>
<p> The fearful symmetry in that exchange of threats between
Baghdad and Jerusalem is what mutual deterrence is all about.
It echoes the tacit High Noon dialogue between Moscow and
Washington in the worst days of the cold war.
</p>
<p> But who is to deter Saddam from brandishing his fire at the
nuclear have-nots in the region, if only to discourage them
from rushing to become haves? The answer now is no one. The
answer may eventually have to be the U.S.
</p>
<p> W. Seth Carus of the Washington Institute for Near East
Policy last week proposed that the U.S. extend some form of
defense umbrella to cover Kuwait, whose territory Iraq claims,
and Saudi Arabia, whose royal family is uneasy about Saddam's
undisguised ambitions to dominate the region. Carus imagines
the U.S. offering protection to these and other friendly
countries within range of the Tammuz-1. The model might be the
U.S. guarantee of South Korea's security against North Korea,
which is also believed to be developing the Bomb.
</p>
<p> This may be an idea whose time has not yet come, but it is
worth thinking about. American Government officials shudder
when they do so. They would prefer to rely on traditional
diplomacy aimed at defusing regional tensions and restricting
the proliferation of nuclear technology. The trouble is, the
Iraqi weapons program is moving along much more briskly than
the peace process. Some experts predict that Saddam will
achieve his heart's desire within three years. When that
happens, the U.S. President had better have something more to
say than "Well, we tried."
</p>
<p> At least initially, the American public and Congress are
likely to oppose new entanglements overseas, particularly now
that the cold war is ending. But the success of U.S. policy in
one part of the world is no reason for reluctance to apply the
lessons of that experience elsewhere. In Europe nuclear
deterrence has held enemies at bay long enough for the
underlying political and ideological tensions finally to be
fading. In the Middle East deterrence may have to be imported.
Better that than nuclear devices. Saddam's pretensions to
being a regional superpower may have to be kept in check by the
U.S.'s status as a global superpower. In that task, the U.S.
may even find an interested, and interesting, partner in
another country whose territory is within reach of the
Tammuz-1: the U.S.S.R.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>